What are Soil Erosion?
Soil Erosion is the process of dead soil particles causing soil removal known as soil erosion, it is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind separates and removes soil particles, causing soil deterioration. Soil degradation and poor soil quality due to erosion and runoff has become a global problem. many agricultural civilizations have declined due to poor management of land and natural resources, and the history of such civilizations is a good safeguard for our natural resources.
It is a serious problem for the cultivation of productive agricultural land and for water quality. Sediment control must be an integral part of any land management system to improve water and soil quality. It can be eroded topsoil can be transported by wind or water to steam and other water courses. Sediment is a product that can be used in soil erosion and originates from mountainous areas and, to a greater extent, from the directions of cyclic erosion activity and drainage pathways.
Soil erosion significantly affects water quality, especially surface runoff. Sediment production and soil erosion are closely related. Therefore, the most effective way to minimize sediment production is to stabilize sediment sources through erosion control. it is the separation and movement of soil particles from the place of origin by the action of water or wind forces, which is the main goal of anti-erosion protection. water erosion is a major problem in Lowa.
Soil Erosion by water occurs when the soil surface is exposed to rain and the intensity of rainfall exceeds the rate of uptake by the soil. or inflation rate leading to surface runoff.
Soil particles are separated by the impact of raindrops, splashing or flowing water.
Transport of loose particles by splashing or flowing water. therefore, soil erosion is a physical process that requires some measures to dissipate this energy.
Soil types
Sheet erosion
Uniform removal of planar erosion in thin layers from a surface covered by wind. The soil area loses the top layer of compact soil and is most prone to surface erosion
Raindrop or splash erosion
Due to the impact of raindrops on the soil surface, which leads to the destruction of crumb structures, is known as raindrop or spray erosion.
Rill erosion
It is the formation of water that takes place through many narrow and more non-straight channels known as rivulets or notches. It is the most common type of erosion that you can see as a result of heavy rainfall.
Gully erosion
Gully erosion is a landform created by flowing water or mass movement, commonly a combination of rapid erosion into soil and other relatively erodible material, typically on a slope or in river floodplains or terraces.
Stream bank erosion
This type of erosion is created by the banks of a stream or river, it is different from the bed of a watercourse which is referred to as scour this type of erosion is known as bank erosion.
What are the effects of soil Erosion?
The impact of soil erosion is a big problem for farmers. Due to agricultural activities such as ploughing, crop quality and cultivation, the unhealthy clause indicates unhealthy soil quality. Soil erosion can include:
Reduce the soil’s ability to store water and nutrients.
Loss of newly planted crops.
Crevice deposits in low-lying areas
High water consumption for crop growth and also nutrient utilization.
Subsoil exposure is the use of some chemical properties for crops.
The most important effects of soil erosion.
Deforestation:
Without any plant cover, erosion can occur by sweeping soil into rivers. Crops often replace retained trees in the soil, as coffee, cotton, palm, oil, soybeans, and wheat can release soil erosion. and the loss of land its fertile land agricultural producers move on, and clear more forests and contribute to the cycle of land loss.
Overgrazing
While protecting natural ecosystems that are initially damaged, crop production, but this change in use can lead to high rates of erosion and topsoil loss. and nutrient overgrazing can reduce soil cover, allowing erosion and soil compaction by wind and rain. This reduces the ability of plants and growing water to penetrate, which can affect soil microbes and lead to a serous soil erosion condition.
Increased cause of flooding:
Land is covered by forests or other natural resources and natural landscapes such as floodplains or wetlands into fields or pastures, covered land is less able to absorb water, so flooding is more common. It is an improved soil water retaining capacity and also restores and maintains wetlands.
